超越地球轨道的人类空间勘探将涉及大量距离和持续时间的任务。为了有效减轻无数空间健康危害，数据和空间健康系统的范式转移是实现地球独立性的，而不是Earth-Reliance所必需的。有希望在生物学和健康的人工智能和机器学习领域的发展可以解决这些需求。我们提出了一个适当的自主和智能精密空间健康系统，可以监控，汇总和评估生物医学状态;分析和预测个性化不良健康结果;适应并响应新累积的数据;并提供对其船员医务人员的个人深度空间机组人员和迭代决策支持的预防性，可操作和及时的见解。在这里，我们介绍了美国国家航空航天局组织的研讨会的建议摘要，以便在太空生物学和健康中未来的人工智能应用。在未来十年，生物监测技术，生物标志科学，航天器硬件，智能软件和简化的数据管理必须成熟，并编织成精确的空间健康系统，以使人类在深空中茁壮成长。

空间生物学研究旨在了解太空飞行对生物的根本影响，制定支持深度空间探索的基础知识，最终生物工程航天器和栖息地稳定植物，农作物，微生物，动物和人类的生态系统，为持续的多行星寿命稳定。要提高这些目标，该领域利用了来自星空和地下模拟研究的实验，平台，数据和模型生物。由于研究扩展到低地球轨道之外，实验和平台必须是最大自主，光，敏捷和智能化，以加快知识发现。在这里，我们介绍了由美国国家航空航天局的人工智能，机器学习和建模应用程序组织的研讨会的建议摘要，这些应用程序为这些空间生物学挑战提供了关键解决方案。在未来十年中，将人工智能融入太空生物学领域将深化天空效应的生物学理解，促进预测性建模和分析，支持最大自主和可重复的实验，并有效地管理星载数据和元数据，所有目标使生活能够在深空中茁壮成长。

语言是协调问题的强大解决方案：他们提供了稳定的，有关我们所说的单词如何对应于我们头脑中的信仰和意图的共同期望。然而，在变量和非静止社会环境中的语言使用需要语言表征来灵活：旧词在飞行中获取新的临时或合作伙伴特定含义。在本文中，我们介绍了柴（通过推理的连续分层适应），一个分层贝叶斯的协调理论和会议组织，旨在在这两个基本观察之间调和长期张力。我们认为，沟通的中央计算问题不仅仅是传输，如在经典配方中，而是在多个时间尺度上持续学习和适应。合作伙伴特定的共同点迅速出现在数型互动中的社会推论中，而社群范围内的社会公约是稳定的前锋，这些前锋已经抽象出与多个合作伙伴的互动。我们展示了新的实证数据，展示了我们的模型为多个现象提供了对先前账户挑战的计算基础：（1）与同一合作伙伴的重复互动的更有效的参考表达的融合（2）将合作伙伴特定的共同基础转移到陌生人，并（3）交际范围的影响最终会形成。

虽然在现代车辆中无处不在，但控制器区域网络（罐）缺乏基本的安全性，并且很容易利用。已经出现了一种快速增长的能够安全研究领域，寻求检测罐头的入侵。由于大多数研究人员需要昂贵的资产和专业知识，因此生产车辆的数据与各种入侵的数据遥不可及。为协助研究人员，我们向现有开放的第一个全面指南介绍了现有的可入侵数据集，包括每个数据集的质量分析以及每个人的好处，缺点和建议用例的列举。目前的公众可以IDS数据集仅限于实际制造（简单的消息注入）攻击和模拟攻击通常在合成数据中，缺乏保真度。通常，在可用的数据集中不验证攻击车辆对车辆的物理效果。只有一个数据集提供信号翻译数据，但不是相应的原始二进制版本。总的来说，可用的数据鸽子孔可以IDS在有限的有限情况下重新测试，通常是不恰当的数据（通常具有太容易检测到真正测试该方法的攻击），并且这种缺乏数据具有延迟的可比性和再现性的结果。作为我们的主要贡献，我们介绍了道路（真正的ORNL汽车测力计）可以入侵数据集，包括超过3.5小时的一辆车辆的数据。道路含有在各种活动中记录的环境数据，以及随着多种变体和实际模糊，制造和独特的先进攻击以及模拟化妆舞会攻击的攻击。为了便于基准测试可以IDS方法需要信号翻译的输入，我们还提供了许多可以捕获的信号时间序列格式。我们的贡献旨在促进CAN IDS领域的适当基准和所需的可比性。

Traditionally, data analysis and theory have been viewed as separate disciplines, each feeding into fundamentally different types of models. Modern deep learning technology is beginning to unify these two disciplines and will produce a new class of predictively powerful space weather models that combine the physical insights gained by data and theory. We call on NASA to invest in the research and infrastructure necessary for the heliophysics' community to take advantage of these advances.

To mitigate climate change, the share of renewable needs to be increased. Renewable energies introduce new challenges to power grids due to decentralization, reduced inertia and volatility in production. The operation of sustainable power grids with a high penetration of renewable energies requires new methods to analyze the dynamic stability. We provide new datasets of dynamic stability of synthetic power grids and find that graph neural networks (GNNs) are surprisingly effective at predicting the highly non-linear target from topological information only. To illustrate the potential to scale to real-sized power grids, we demonstrate the successful prediction on a Texan power grid model.

Recurrent neural networks are capable of learning the dynamics of an unknown nonlinear system purely from input-output measurements. However, the resulting models do not provide any stability guarantees on the input-output mapping. In this work, we represent a recurrent neural network as a linear time-invariant system with nonlinear disturbances. By introducing constraints on the parameters, we can guarantee finite gain stability and incremental finite gain stability. We apply this identification method to learn the motion of a four-degrees-of-freedom ship that is moving in open water and compare it against other purely learning-based approaches with unconstrained parameters. Our analysis shows that the constrained recurrent neural network has a lower prediction accuracy on the test set, but it achieves comparable results on an out-of-distribution set and respects stability conditions.

Acquiring a better understanding of drought impacts becomes increasingly vital under a warming climate. Traditional drought indices describe mainly biophysical variables and not impacts on social, economic, and environmental systems. We utilized natural language processing and bidirectional encoder representation from Transformers (BERT) based transfer learning to fine-tune the model on the data from the news-based Drought Impact Report (DIR) and then apply it to recognize seven types of drought impacts based on the filtered Twitter data from the United States. Our model achieved a satisfying macro-F1 score of 0.89 on the DIR test set. The model was then applied to California tweets and validated with keyword-based labels. The macro-F1 score was 0.58. However, due to the limitation of keywords, we also spot-checked tweets with controversial labels. 83.5% of BERT labels were correct compared to the keyword labels. Overall, the fine-tuned BERT-based recognizer provided proper predictions and valuable information on drought impacts. The interpretation and analysis of the model were consistent with experiential domain expertise.

Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) refers to clinician-performed and interpreted ultrasonography at the patient's bedside. Interpreting these images requires a high level of expertise, which may not be available during emergencies. In this paper, we support POCUS by developing classifiers that can aid medical professionals by diagnosing whether or not a patient has pneumothorax. We decomposed the task into multiple steps, using YOLOv4 to extract relevant regions of the video and a 3D sparse coding model to represent video features. Given the difficulty in acquiring positive training videos, we trained a small-data classifier with a maximum of 15 positive and 32 negative examples. To counteract this limitation, we leveraged subject matter expert (SME) knowledge to limit the hypothesis space, thus reducing the cost of data collection. We present results using two lung ultrasound datasets and demonstrate that our model is capable of achieving performance on par with SMEs in pneumothorax identification. We then developed an iOS application that runs our full system in less than 4 seconds on an iPad Pro, and less than 8 seconds on an iPhone 13 Pro, labeling key regions in the lung sonogram to provide interpretable diagnoses.

Recent research in clustering face embeddings has found that unsupervised, shallow, heuristic-based methods -- including $k$-means and hierarchical agglomerative clustering -- underperform supervised, deep, inductive methods. While the reported improvements are indeed impressive, experiments are mostly limited to face datasets, where the clustered embeddings are highly discriminative or well-separated by class (Recall@1 above 90% and often nearing ceiling), and the experimental methodology seemingly favors the deep methods. We conduct a large-scale empirical study of 17 clustering methods across three datasets and obtain several robust findings. Notably, deep methods are surprisingly fragile for embeddings with more uncertainty, where they match or even perform worse than shallow, heuristic-based methods. When embeddings are highly discriminative, deep methods do outperform the baselines, consistent with past results, but the margin between methods is much smaller than previously reported. We believe our benchmarks broaden the scope of supervised clustering methods beyond the face domain and can serve as a foundation on which these methods could be improved. To enable reproducibility, we include all necessary details in the appendices, and plan to release the code.